Ideas That Have Helped Mankind | BSEB Class 12 English Chapter 5

BSEB Bihar board Class 12 English ‘Rainbow – 2‘ Chapter 5 Ideas That Have Helped Mankind Summary, Explanation And Question Answers

Ideas That Have Helped Mankind BSEB Class 12 English Rainbow Book Chapter 5 Ideas That Have Helped Mankind Detailed description of the story with summary and meaning of difficult words. Additionally, an explanation of the text is also given after the summary. All the exercises and question answers given at the back of the lesson are also solved.

पाठ “Ideas that have Helped Mankind” में Bertrand Russell विभिन्न पहलुओं के बारे में बात करते हैं खुशी, जनसंख्या, भाषा, लेखन, प्रौद्योगिकी, ज्ञान, नैतिकता, कृषि आदि जैसे विचारों पर विस्तार से चर्चा की गई है कि क्या उन्होंने मानव जाति की मदद की है या नहीं और यदि हां, तो किस हद तक।

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Ideas That Have Helped Mankind Summary in English and Hindi by Bertrand Russell

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AUTHOR

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, जिन्हें लोकप्रिय रूप से Bertrand Russell के नाम से जाना जाता है, जन्म 1872 में हुआ था। वह एक British philosopher, historian, mathematician, advocate of social reforms, pacifist and a leading rationalist और बीसवीं सदी के एक प्रमुख तर्कवादी थे। वह एक prolific writer थे। वह विविध विषयों पर टिप्पणीकार भी थे। सेक्स, विवाह, राजनीति, धर्म, विज्ञान, मनोविज्ञान, दर्शन, समाजवाद, शिक्षा, ईसा मसीह, मार्क्स, बुद्ध और कई विषयों पर उनकी टिप्पणियाँ ऊर्जावान, सशक्त और स्पष्टता से भरी हैं।

रसेल को उनके विविध और महत्वपूर्ण लेखन के लिए 1950 में साहित्य में नोबेल पुरस्कार से सम्मानित किया गया था। उनके प्रमुख कार्यों में शामिल हैं-“A History of Western Philosophy”, “Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits”, “Conquest of Happiness”, “Roads to Freedom”, “Why I am Not a Christian”, “Marriage and Morals ” Etcetera. आदि। .

Bihar Board Class 12 English Ideas that have Helped Mankind Text Book Questions and Answers

BSEB Class 12 English Book Objective Type Questions and Answers

1. What is our attitude towards those outside our herd? [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) Sympathetic
(b) Religious
(c) Social
(d) Ferocious
Answer: (a) Sympathetic

2. What has civilization taught us? [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) to be inhuman
(b) to be friendly towards others
(c) to be unlawful
(d) to be rude or cruel
Answer: (b) to be friendly towards others

3. How has civilization helped us ?’ [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) making us civilized and mentally developed
(b) making us more stronger
(c) making us more ferocious
(d) making us more uncivilized
Answer: (a) making us civilized and mentally developed

4. Put a tick (V) against the right choice [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
(a) Germain Greer
(b) Sorothy L. Sayers
(c) H. E. Bates
(d) Bertrand Russel
Answer: (d) Bertrand Russel

Fill in the blanks

(a) The most indubitable respect in which ideas have [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
(b) We have also become in certain respects, animals. [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
(c) We suffer not only the evils that actually befall us but all those to fear. [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]
(d) It is obvious that we know more than [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]

Answer:
(a) helped mankind is numbers,
(b) progressively less like,
(c) that our intelligence tells us we have a reason,
(d) animals do, and it is common to consider this one of our advantages.

BSEB Class 12 English Book Chapter 5 Textual Questions and Their Answer

A. Work in small groups and discuss the following :

Question 1. Your idea of a happy future life.
Answer: I think I can be happy by leading a simple life by curtailing my desires.

Question 2 Man and development.
Answer: Development is necessary. But development should not cause any harm to our environment. We have destroyed forests and wildlife in the name of development. This is not development. This is destruction.

Q. 3. Some of the valuable ideas which have inspired you.
Answer: I was inspired by the thoughts of Vivekananda, who said that youth should be strong not only morally but also physically. That’s why I exercise regularly to stay fit and healthy, I’m also motivated by the idea that work is its own reward. So I keep myself busy and help others. This keeps me happy and satisfied.

B. 1. Read the following sentences and write T for true and F for false statements

(i) Ideas help mankind.
(ii) Survival was never a problem for homo-sapiens.
(iii) Long infancy was a biological advantage to mankind.
(iv) Man’s earliest technical skill was devoted to increasing their population.
(v) Congenital skills play a more important role than the acquired skills.
(vi) unlike birds, human beings can foresee a catastrophe.
(vii) Forethought can avert physical danger. ,
(viii) The intelligent qualities account for the glory of man.
(ix) In a secure future, there are neither worries nor lack of joy.

Answer: (i) True (ii) False (iii) True (iv) False (v) True (vi) True (vii) True (viii) True (ix) True.

B. 2. 1. Read the following sentences and write T for True and F for false statements :

(i) Utilization of fire was a milestone in human progress.
(ii) The fire was used only for cooking.
(iii) Domestication of animals had nothing to do with religion.
(iv) Our earliest form of writing was pictorial.
(v) The invention of agriculture was less important than the domestication of animals.
(vi) In the course of time, we have progressed.

Answer: (i) True (ii) False (iii) False (iv) True (v) False (vi) True.

B. 2. 2. Answer the following questions briefly

Question 1. Has civilization taught us to be more friendly towards one another?
Answer: Yes, civilization has taught us to be more friendly towards one another. Birds do not treat, their elder as human beings do to their elders providing an old-age pension.

Question 2. What is our attitude towards those ’out-side our herd?
Answer: Our attitude towards those outside our heard, in spite of all that has been done by moralists and religious teachers, our emotions are as ferocious as those of any animal, and our intelligence enables us to give them a scope which is denied to even the most savage beast.

Question 3. What are the two broad categories of ideas that have helped mankind?
Answer: Two broad categories of ideas that have helped mankind are those that contribute to knowledge and technique, and those that are concerned with moral and political.

Question 4. Did language play a role in human development?
Answer: Yes, language played a prominent role in human development. At what stage language began is not known, but we may be pretty certain that it began very gradually. Without it, it would have been very difficult to hand on from generation to generation the inventions and discoveries that were gradually made.

Question 5. How many languages do you know apart from your mother tongue? Has it helped you in any way?
Answer: I know some other languages apart from my mother language such as English, Sanskrit, Urdu etc. Yes, it has helped me in many ways such as to contact another person who does not know our mother tongue then we use English to express our feelings. English is widely spoken all over the world.

C. 1. Bihar Board Class 12 English Book Long answer Questions

Question1. Discuss the ideas that have helped mankind.
Answer: See Summary

Question 2. How are human being different from animals? Explain.
Answer: Human beings are different from animals in such a manner that there are 21 (twenty-one) as his intellectual and moral qualities that separate human beings from animals. It is obvious that we know more than animals do, and it is common to consider. It is one of our advantages. Animals can not think like human beings, because of that human beings have extra-ordinary thinking power. It has highly sensitive power. Human beings are one of the most developed and advanced creatures of this world, So human beings are different from animals.

Question 3. How has civilization helped us? Discuss.
Answer: Civilization has helped us in such a way that in ancient time we were just like animals. We hadn’t the knowledge of the way of life. We were not more advanced like today. Civilization has taught us to be more friendly towards one another. Civilization has made us developed.

Within the herd, we are more friendly to each other than many species of animals, but in our attitude towards those outside the herd, in spite of all that has been done by moralists and religious teachers, our emotions are as ferocious as those of any animal, and our intelligence enables us to give them a scope which is denied to even the most savage-best.

Question 4. It is important for us to be civilized ? Give examples of the civilized behaviour that you practise in your everyday life.
Answer: Yes, it is important for us to be civilized. Civilization is defined as the way of life is called civilization. We wear neat and clean clothes that are civilization. Daily we greet everyone and say, thank you, please. This shows us -as a civilized person. If we wear neat and clean clothes and talk with manners then we are known as a respected person and honored by all. If haven’t, these types of qualities we are ignored by all. So it is important for us to be civilized.

Question 5.Write the short summary of “Ideas that have helped Mankind”.
Answer: See Summary of the lesson. [Sample Paper 2009 (A)]

C. 3. Composition:

Question 1. Write a letter to your friend in Delhi about the culture of Bihar.
Answer:

Agam Kuan
Patna – 800 004
1 September 2009

Hope this letter finds you in your pink health. Today I want to make you aware of the cultures of Bihar. The culture of Bihar is old and rich and its prosperity continues even today. The culture of Bihar is like a tree whose shade provides shelter to all who come under it. Culture tells you what this world is and what its purposes are. The result was that the entire universe is one.

The culture of Bihar is such that it cannot be ignored. It is the culture of Bihar that makes the people here friendly, cooperative and helpful to others. Its culture is to respect everyone and every religion. There are many politicians who are trying to defame Bihar but it is the culture that keeps it going and remains strong like a pillar.

Give my regards to elders & love to youngers.

Yours lovingly
Kavita

Question 2. Write a paragraph in about 100 words on the ‘significance of original thinking’
Answer:

Original thinking has great importance in life. People with original ideas always keep moving forward. We can say that original thinking is the key to success. We have seen that people who have achieved greatness in life have all been original thinkers.

For the first time, he dared to think something different and new. Those who follow wrong and unhealthy traditions are losers in life. They simply think something that others have already thought. They are afraid to think anything new and that is why they lag behind. We can make our life respectable by thinking something new for the first time.

D. Word Study
D. 1. Dictionary Use

Ex. Correct the spelling of the following words
Answer:
numerus — numerous
prelimnary — preliminary
continualy — continually
vareity — variety
tekhique — technique
acquaintence — acquintance

D. 2. Word-formation

Read the following sentence carefully
Given below is a list of words from the lesson. Write their anonyms by adding prefixes like ‘in-‘, ‘un-‘, ‘dis-‘, ‘im-‘.
advantage, certain, definite, friendly, moral, agreeable, sure, foreseen, pleasure.
Answer:
disadvantage, uncertain, indefinite, unfriendly, immoral disagreeable, unsure, unforeseen, displeasure.

D. 3. Word meaning

Ex. 1. Match the words given in Column ‘A’ with their meanings in Column ‘B’,

Column ‘A’ Wrong Words	Column ‘B’ Correct Words
(1) Hirsute	(a) Nod Off
(2.) Catastrophe	(b) Auspicious
(3) Erudite	(c) Cultured
(4) Snooze	(d) Barbarism
(5) Humane	(e) Sudden Great Disaster
(6) Protitious	(F) Compassionate
(7) Canniblism	(g) Covered With Hair, Furry

Ans. (1) -(g), (2) -(e), (3) -(c), (4)-

D. 4. Phrases

Ex. 1. Read the lesson carefully and find out the sentences in which the following phrases have been used. Then use these phrases in sentences of your own

at any rate, have to do with,

At any rate – At any rate we can buy this house.
Have to do with – A lawyer has to do with all sorts of people.
Hand on – Will You hand on his letter to my friends?
Last for – Fresh Fruits lasts for many days.
Lend to – People lend to follow fashion.

E. Grammar

Ex. 1. Read the following sentences taken from the lesson, carefully :

(a) I will say a preliminary word about them.
(b) Birds die of hunger in large numbers during the winter.

You see that the word ‘about’ in the first sentence is used before a pronoun ‘them’. Similarly, ‘of, ‘in’ and ‘during’ in the second sentence are used before a noun ‘hunger’, a noun phrase ‘large number’, and a noun ‘winter’ respectively. Such a word or group of words used before a noun or pronoun to show relation in terms of place, position, time or method is known as preposition.

Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions

(a) Please read…………………. line 5………………. page 10.
(b) Birds die………………. hunger………………….. the winter.
(c) Mamta prefers coffee…………………. tea.
(d) Mahatma Gandhi was born…………………. Porbandar………………….. Gujarat.
(e) Chhabi swan………………….. the river.
(f) We have become…………………….. certain respects less like animals.
Answer:
(a) in, on, (b) of, during, (c) to, (d) at, in, (e) across, (f) in’

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