8. Fire Hymn Line by line explanation in hindi – Keki N. Daruwala

नमस्कार छात्रों, आज की पोस्ट में हम BSEB Class 12 English Book Poetry Chapter 8. Fire Hymn Line by line explanation in Hindi & English , Summary & Question Answer Rainbow part 2 देखने जा रहे हैं, इस अध्याय से संबंधित सभी प्रश्न, उनके उत्तर इस लेख में मिलेंगे ताकि आप आगामी परीक्षा के लिए बेहतर तैयारी कर सकें। बिहार बोर्ड कक्षा 12वीं वस्तुनिष्ठ प्रश्न उत्तर उपलब्ध होंगे

जिससे आप अपनी तैयारी अच्छे तरीके से कर पाएंगे, नीचे दिए गए सभी प्रश्न उत्तर आपके Rainbow part 2 सिलेबस पर आधारित हैं, इसके अलावा यदि आप बिहार बोर्ड कक्षा 12वीं अंग्रेजी, हिंदी, विज्ञान जैसी कोई भी जानकारी चाहते हैं। आप हमें किसी भी विषय पर टिप्पणी कर सकते हैं, हम उसे नोट्स पीएफ के माध्यम से आपके लिए अवश्य साझा करेंगे

Fire Hymn Line by line explanation in hindi – Keki N. Daruwala

FIRE-HYMN Summary & Explanations
Keki N. Daruwalla

KEKI N. DARUWALLA (b. 1937), the recipient of Sahitya Akademi Award (1984) and Commonwealth Poetry Award, is a landscape poet of eminence and a well known writer of short stories. His poetry is, in his own wards, ‘a totally impressionistic recording of subjective responses’.

He claims his poems to be ‘rooted in the rural landscape’ and hence ‘earthy’. He shuns sophistication, as he thinks that it, ‘while adding gloss, takes away the power of verse’. The themes of his poetry are love, death, domination, cynicism, plight of human society and violence. He writes with intensity and vigour involved in poetic creation. Since he had been in police service, violence is unavoidable in his poetry. His important volumes of verse include Under Orion (1970), Apparition in April (1971) and Crossing of Rivers (1976)

FIRE-HYMN

The burning ghat erupted phosphorescence:
and wandering ghost lights frightened passers-by
as moonlight scuttled among the bones.
Once strolling at dawn past river-bank and ghat
we saw embers losing their cruel redness
to the grey ash that swallows all, half-cooked limbs

bore witness to the fire’s debauchery.
My father said, “You see those half-burnt fingers
And bone-stubs? The fire at times forgets its dead!”

A Zoroastrian I, my child-fingers clenched
Into a little knot of pain,
I swore to save fire From the sin of forgetfulness.

It never forgot, and twenty years since
As I consigned my first-born to the flames
The nearest Tower of Silence was a thousand miles –
The firm hymn said to me, “You stand forgiven,”
Broken, yet rebellious, I swore this time
To save it from the sin of forgiving.

Fire-Hymn

केकी एन. दारूवाला (जन्म 1937) साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार (1984) और कॉमन वेल्थ पोएट्री अवार्ड प्राप्तकर्ता, प्रसिद्ध प्राकृतिक छटा के कवि और जाने-माने लघु कथाओं के लेखक हैं।

उनकी कविता, उनके अपने शब्दों में व्यक्तिगत प्रतिक्रियाओं से संबंधित पूरी तरह से प्रभावशाली रिकॉर्डिंग है। वह दावा करते हैं कि उनकी कविताएँ ग्रामीण परीदृश्य के आधार पर होती है और इसलिए सांसारिक होती है।

वह बेकार के प्रयोग से बचते हैं, जैसा कि वह सोचते हैं कि कविताओं की शक्ति, चमक डालने के चक्कर में खत्म हो जाती है। उनकी काव्य का विषय प्रेम, मृत्यु, अधिकार, उदासीमत, मानव समाज की दुर्दशा और हिंसा है।

वह गहनता से लिखते हैं और काव्य रचना में जोश शामिल होता है। चूँकि वह पुलिस सेवा में रहे हैं, इसलिए हिंसा उनकी कविताओं में अनिवार्य है।

उनकी महत्वपूर्ण कविताओं में अंडर ओरिअन (1970), अपारटिशन इन अप्रिल (1971) और क्रॉसिंग ऑफ रिवर शामिल है।

फायर हिम्न

जलता हुआ घाट, आग की लपटों से धधक रही थी। और उसके इधर-उधर भूत की रौशनी (भटकती आत्मा) राहगीरों को डरा रही थी। जैसे चन्द्रमा की राशनी, हड्डीयों के बीच से गुजर रही थी।

एक बार मैं नदी के किनारे और घाट से होकर गुजर रहा था, तो हमने अंगारे को देखा, जो सबकुछ निगलकर लालीमापन राख में परिवर्तित होकर,

अर्थात

आग की अंगारे मृतकों को निर्दयीतापूर्वक जला रहा था। आधी जली हुई अंगुलियाँ, आग के इस अनैतिक व्यवहार की गवाह थे। अर्थात आग अपने मृतकों की अंगुलियों को आधी जली हुई रख दिए थे। जो आग की निर्दयता की गवाह थे।

मेरे पिताजी ने कहा, ‘क्या तुम उन आधी जली हुई अंगुलियों और अधजली हुई हड्डीयों को देख रहे हो?‘ आग कभी-कभी अपने मृतकों को भूल जाती है। अर्थात कवि के कहने का भाव है कि आग अपने मृतकों से निर्दयतापूर्वक व्यवहार करती है, जिससे वह शरीर के कुछ भाग बिना जलाए हुए ही छोड़ देती है।

मैं पारसी हूँ, मेरी बचपन की अँगुलियां दर्द से कड़क गयी थी। मैं आग की भुल्लक्कड़पन की पाप से रक्षा करने के लिए शपथ लिया।

अर्थात

कवि के कहने का भाव है कि आग अपने मृतकों को भूल जाता है। वह शरीर का कुछ हिस्सा अधजला ही छोड़ देता है। वह अपने मृतकों के साथ निर्दयता से व्यवहार करता है। अतः कवि शपथ लेते हैं कि मैं आग के इस भूल से रक्षा करूँगा।

अग्नि देवता ने मुझसे कहा था ‘ तुम्हें माफ किया जाता है‘ मैं टूट चूका था, फिर भी विद्रोही भावना से मैं इस समय आग की क्षमादान की पाप से रक्षा करने का शपथ लिया।

अर्थात कवि कहता है कि आग, जो अपने मृतकों को जलाकर, फिर क्षमा करके जो पाप करता है। उससे मैं रक्षा करूँगा। यानी मैं अपने बच्चे को कभी आग के हवाले नहीं करूँगा।

Class 12 English Fire-Hymn Text Book Questions and Answers

B. 1.1. Write T for true and F for false statements 

(a) The poem describes the scene of a burning ghat.
(b) Passers-by tend to ignore the burning at the ghat.
(c) The sight of burning becomes frightening at night.
(d) The redness of fire appears cruel to the speaker.
(e) The half-burnt limbs at the ghat suggest the true working of fire.
(f) The speaker belongs to the Zoroastrian religion.
(g) The speaker is not pleased with the views of his father.
(h) The ‘first-bom child’ was consigned to fire, under compulsion.
Answers: (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) T (e) T (f) T (g) F (h) T

B.1.2. Complete the following sentences on the basis of what you have studied

(a) The wandering ghost lights passer-by.
(b) The grey ash all.
(c) The ghat is littered with.
(d) The fire at times it’s dead.
(e) I swore to save fire from the of forgetfulness.
(f) The nearest was a thousand miles.
(g) The speaker consigned him to the flames.
(h) The speaker was broken yet
(i) The second time the speaker swore to save the fire from the sin of
Answer: (a) Frighted'(b) Wallows (c) embers (d) Forgets (e) sin (f) tower (g) First-bom (h) rebellious (i) Forgiving.

B.1.3. Answer the following questions briefly 

Question 1. How did the passer-by get frightened?
Answer: The passer-by got frightened to see the fire and the dreadful scenes at the ghat.

Question 2. Which event does the expression ‘the burning ghat’ refer to?
Answer: The expression “the burning ghat” refers to the place where dead- bodies are usually cremated.

Question 3. Where do you think is the ghat located?
Answer: Hie ghat is located on the bank of the river.

Question 4. What does the speaker see/observe in the morning at the ghat?
Answer: The speaker observes pieces of wood and coal, not burning but are still red in the morning at the ghat.

Question 5. Why does he say that the redness of the fire is cruel?
Answer: He says that the redness of the fire is so cruel that is swallowed everything.

Question 6. In what sense does the fire forget its dead?
Answer. The fire forgets its dead when it leaves the body half-burnt. The speaker feels it as the fire’s immoral behavior.

Question 7. Why does the speaker reveal his religious identity?
Answer: The Speaker reveals his religious identity by telling that he is a “Parsi” by birth,-because a parsi believes that there is a continuing struggle in the world between the forces of light and dark and as such The “Parsis” dispose of the dead bodies on a structure called “Tower of Silence”.

Question 8. Why did he consign his firstborn to the flames?
Answer: He (speaker) consigned (delivered) his first-bom to the flames (fire) because the nearest “Tower of Silence”, where the Parsis dispose up their dead-bodies, was a thousand miles away. So, he could not lodge (dispose of) the dead-body of his first-bom-child on that place (structure).

Question 9. What did the firm hyam say to him?
Answer: The firm-hymn said to him (the speaker) that he had forgiven him and now it has taken oath to overlook and pardon him this time for the sin he committed.

Long Answer Questions

Question 1. What are the different forms and roles of fire at the ghat?
Answer: The different forms and roles of fire at the ghat as mentioned in the poem, “Fire-Hymn”, are as hereunder

• erupted phosphorescence
• wandering ghost lights
• embers losing their cruel redness
• grey ash that swallows all

The forms and roles of fire as stated above has been very well depicted in the poem.

Question 2. How does the ghat appear to the common people?
Answer: The ghat appears to be engulfed with the redness of the strong fire, which has been broken-out swiftly. It is shinning with a faint light looking like a wandering ghost. The moonlight runs fast through the bones scattered there by the burning fire. Pieces of wood and coal that are not burning but are still red lying there, gradually losing their cruel redness.

Question 3. What is the fire’s debauchery?
Answer: The fire swallows everything and turns them into either grey ashes or half-burnt particles. The whole of the dead body transforms into black ashes and scattered bones. It does not leave anything intact in its original shape by its cruel acts. It can be said its immoral behavior or debauchery.

Question 4. What has offended the religious sentiment of the speaker when he was a child?
Answer: The speaker happens to be a “Parsi” by religion. One morning, he went with his father on morning-walk, in his childhood. They were passing through a burning ghat located on the bank of a river. He saw there, a dead body being cremated. He noticed the brutality and the immoral behavior of the fire. This custom is against his religious tradition. As such it has offended the religious sentiment of the speaker when he was a child.

Question 5. Why do you think the speaker consigned his firstborn to the flames?
Answer: The speaker is a ‘Parsi’ by religion. In his religion, the dead-body is not cremated. Parsis dispose of up their bodies in the “Tower of Silence”. The speaker consigned his first bom child to the flames for cremation because the nearest “Tower of Silence”, was one thousand miles away.

Question 6. Why was the speaker ‘broken’ and how did he regard himself rebellious? ,
Answer. The speaker has lost his first-bom child. He consigned the dead- body of his first-bom to the flames for cremation. He is ‘parsi’ by religion, but he violated the tradition of his religion by cremating his child. This great loss had broken him and he regarded himself rebellious for going against his religious tradition.

Question 7. Why did he swear twice to save the fire from two different sins?
Answer: He (the speaker) swore twice to save fire from two different sins. The first time, when he consigned his firstborn child to the flames. He is a ‘Parsi’ by religion, who do not cremate their dead bodies. But he did it because his religious place to perform rituals for the sad demise of his child was far away.

The fire had forgotten that he is a ‘Parsi’ because it (fire) deals equally with everybody irrespective of their caste, creed, or religion. So he swore to save fire from the sin of forgetfulness. The next time he swore to save the fire from the sin of forgiving i.e. for its deviation. As such he swore twice to save the fire from two different sins.

Question 8. Though the poem reveals the religious leaning of a Parsi, it still has its human appeal. Justify it with your own comments.
Answer: It is a fact, that the poem primarily reveals the religious tendency (inclination) of a “Parsi”. But at the same time, it has a compassionate appeal to humanity. The poet is a “Parsi”, dislikes the cremation of a dead body. As a poet and a human being, he has thrown light on this burning problem.

It appears to be the most unpleasant, pathetic, and gruesome practice to offer (cosign) the dead-body to the flames of the fire. In my opinion, it is really the most unkind and made active. I think it should be stopped and some alternative arrangements should be made for the disposal of the corpse (dead body).

Question 9. Give in short the summary of the poem, “Fire-Hymn”. Or, Write a short note on the poem, “Fire-Hymn”.
Answer: “Fire-Hymn” composed by Keki N. Daruwala is a serious and touching poem. It is the description of a burning ghat. The scene of the ghat is most dreadful. Ghosts with burning light are wandering there and the passerby becomes frightened to see them. One early morning the poet alone with his father passes through that ghat and finds pieces of woods and coal though not burning but are still red. Half burnt dead bodies are lying there. The poet is “Parsi” by religion.

Parsis instead of cremating their dead bodies, carry it to the “Tower of Silence” to put therein. He becomes horrified to see such cruel act. The narrator, the poet himself had consigned his first bom to the flames twenty years back because the Tower of Silence was a thousand miles away. It had shocked him much and he feels guilty of committing the same inhuman act, which other persons commit, and being a Parsi he has all along opposed this cruelty. The poem has a humanitarian appeal. Thejioet has successfully conveyed his motive to discard such a cruel practice.

C. 3. Composition

Write a short essay in about 150 words on the following:
(a) Concept of sin in modern life.
Answer: Good and evil are an inevitable part of human life. All have both of these in them. Of course, the ratio of both varies from person to person. We all want to live a peaceful and respectable life in the society. For this, we need to be away from all sin. Sin in modem life has changed its meaning. Now people think that such things which defy law are sin. They don’t give to its human approach vital importance. It is really taking our society towards disaster. We must take steps to improve it. It is high time for this.

(b) Forgetfulness is a matter of habit.
Answer: People have different habits. Habits are cultivated in oneself because of several factors. Forgetfulness is nothing but a matter of habit. People cultivate this habit without knowing its evils out of ignorance. They forget important works which they do. Through proper treatment, this can be improved. Such people should not be looked downtrodden but should be given a helping hand for their strength to fight against their drawbacks.

D. Word Study :
D.1. Dictionary Use :

Ex. 1. Correct the spelling of the following words:

• phosphorescence — phosphorescene
• scutled — scuttled
• staulling — strolling
• emberes — embers
• Zorastrian — zoroastrian
• consined — consigned
• rebelious — rebellious
• hym — hymn

Ex. 2. Lookup a dictionary & write the synonym of the following words:
dawn, losing, swallow, forget, pain, nearest, silence, save
Answer:

• dawn — morning light morning at sunrise
• losing — To lose
• swallow — accept
• forget — miss
• pain — sorrow
• nearest — closest
• silence — peace
• save — preserve

D. 2. Word – Formation

Read the following line carefully :
The burning ghat erupted phosphorescence: And wandering ghost light frightened passers-by In the above lines burning in ‘burning ghats’ and wandering in ‘wandering ghost’ are verbs ‘ing’ (gerund) from. Such forms of verbs can be used as adjectives. Adding’ to the

following verbs and fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences:
lose,  stroll,  cook,  swear,  break
(a) The…………….. news was quite sensational.
(b) People were in a long queue for……………. gas.
(c) The match was so fine that we admired even the…………….. team.
(d) The……………….persons have the opportunity to breathe fresh air.
(e) We could not attend the…………… ceremony.
Answer: (a) breaking (b) cooking (c) losing (d) strolling (e) swearing

D.3. Word-meaning

Ex. 1. In the expression ‘half-cooked limb’ (line 6) and ‘half-burnt fingers’ (line 8),’ half suggests the process stopped mid-way. Make a similar structure from the given words (using ‘half) and use them in sentences of your own:
done, written, sketched, drawn, hearted
Answer:

• Half-done: The work is half done.
• Half-written: You have sent a half-written letter.
• Half-sketched: This is a half-sketched portrait.
• Half-drawn: The teacher appreciated the half-drawn figure.
• Half-hearted: He didn’t succeed because of his half-hearted efforts.

E. Grammar

Ex. 1. Read the following lines from the poem carefully:
(i) ‘as moonlight scuttled among the bones.
(ii) once strolling at dawn…………………… Mark the use of prepositions ‘among’ and ‘at’ in the lines given above. Use Prepositions to complete the following sentences:
(i) The military rescued several people………………. from the flood.
(ii) The world of insects and animals awake……………… at night.
(iii) Naghaz listened…………….. the lecture attentively.
(iv) The prizes were distributed……………. winners.
(v) The police inquired………………… the murder case.
Answer: (i) from (ii) up (iii) to (iv) to (v) into.

Comprehension Based Questions with Answers

1. Read the following extracts of the poem and answer the questions that follow [B.M.2009A]

The burning ghat erupted phosphorescence:
and wandering ghost lights frightened passers-by
as moonlight scuttled among the bones.
Once strolling at dawn past river-bank and ghat
we saw embers losing their cruel redness
to the grey ash that swallows all, half-cooked limbs

Questions:
1. Who wrote these lines and from where have they been extracted?
2. What does the wandering ghost lights do?
3. What does the narrator find at the ghat, while he walks to that place?
4. How are bones looking like in the moonlight?
5. What does the grey ash do at that place?

Answers:
1. These lines have been extracted from the poem, “Fire Hyman and T.S. Eliot has written these verse lines.
2. The wandering ghost lights frightened passers-by, creating a dreadful scene.
3. The narrator finds pieces of wood and coals scattered there, though not burning but are still red.
4. The moonlight mins fast over the bones lying there and it creates fear and terror.
5. The grey ash swallows bones and half-cooked limbs.

2. Read the following extracts of the poem and answer the questions that follow: [B.M.2009A]

bore witness to the fire’s debauchery.
My father said, “You see those half-burnt fingers
l And bone-stubs? The fire at times forgets its dead !”
A Zoroastrian I, my child – fingers clenched
Into a little knot of pain,
I swore to save fire From the sin of forgetfulness

Questions:
1. From where these verse lines extracted and who has composed it?
2. Who is the witness of fires?
3. What does the poet’s father say to him?
4. What does the fire do?
5. What does the poet swear and why?

Answer:
1. The verse lines have been taken from the poem, “Fire Hyman and t composed by T. S. Eliot.
2. Poet’s father is the witness of fire’s debauchery.
3. Poet’s father narrates to his son about the forgetfulness of .fire to its dead.
4. The fire forgets its dead and leaves waif – burnt fingers and bone- stubs incomplete in half – hazard way.
5. The poet swears to save fire from the sin of forgetfulness.

3. Read the following extracts of the poem and answer the questions that follow:

It never forgot, and twenty years since ‘ ‘
As I consigned my first-born to the flames –
The nearest Tower of Silence was a thousand miles –
The firm-hymn said to me, “You stand forgiven,”
Broken, yet rebellious, I swore this time I
To save it from the sin of forgiving.

Questions:
1. Who was consigned to flames and by whom?
2. How far was the Tower of Silence from there?
3. How many years ago did this event take place?
4. What is the sin that the poet has committed?
5. What does he mean by “save it from the sin of forgetting”?

Answers:
1. It was the poet who consigned his new bom son to flames.
2. Tower of Silence was a thousand miles away from that place.
3. The event took place 20 years ago.
4. The poet is a Parsi by religion in which fire is worshipped as a god but he was compelled to consign his new-born to its flames.
5. Fire sometimes forgets to fully bum the dead body to ashes. The poet wishes this not to happen to the dead body of his new-bom son.